This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. A century of trials and hardships, a century of vicissitudes, a century of struggle, a century of glory. In order to better learn the party history and remember the glorious history of the party, Hanhai Optoelectronics has launched the "Hundred Years of Party History Online Reading" activity, let us review the party history, revisit the original intention, keep the mission in mind, and forge ahead.

Brief List of Events in the History of the Communist Party of China

(The period of the New Democratic Revolution 1919-1949)

May 1919 Beijing

Fourth Movement

On May 4, 1919, the patriotic students in Beijing carried out activities such as rallies, parades, and class strikes to oppose the Beiyang government’s preparation of signing the "Versailles Peace Treaty" that undermined China’s sovereignty. They received widespread support from all walks of life, and finally formed a nationwide patriotism. Movement and achieved victory. The May Fourth Movement promoted the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China, and ideologically and cadreally prepared the establishment of the Communist Party of China.

August 1920 Shanghai

The early establishment of the Communist Party

At the turn of the spring and summer of 1920, Chen Duxiu, based on the Marxist Research Association, convened many meetings to discuss the issue of party building. In August 1920, the "New Youth" editorial department at No. 2 Yuyangli, Huanlong Road, Shanghai established the Chinese Communist Party Shanghai Launch Group, and elected Chen Duxiu as the person in charge, marking the birth of China's first early Communist Party organization.

July 1921 Shanghai, Jiaxing

Communist Party of China

The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai from July 23 to 31, 1921. The meeting was transferred to a cruise ship on Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province on the last day. The congress determined the name of the party as the "Communist Party of China", passed the first program of the Communist Party of China, and elected the party's first central organ. The convening of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China marked the official establishment of the Communist Party of China and was a major event in Chinese history.

July 1922 Shanghai

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai from July 16 to 23, 1922. The congress clearly put forward an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution program, distinguishing between the maximum program and the minimum program. The conference formulated the first "Articles of the Communist Party of China" and passed the "Manifesto of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China" and "The Resolution of the Communist Party of China on Joining the Third International" and other documents.

February 1923 Along the Jinghan Railway

Jinghan Railway Workers Strike

Also known as the "February Seventh Strike." On February 4, 1923, more than 30,000 workers along the Jinghan Railway, the Jinghan Railway Workers held a general alliance strike under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. On the 7th, Wu Peifu sent troops to brutally suppress the striking workers, and the national labor movement temporarily turned into a low ebb. The Beijing-Hanzhou Railway Workers' strike was the culmination of the first labor movement led by the Communist Party of China. The strike ended in failure, but it further demonstrated the strength of the Chinese working class and expanded the party's influence in the hearts of the people across the country.

June 1923 Guangzhou

Three major Chinese Communist Party

The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Guangzhou from June 12 to 20, 1923. The conference discussed and accepted the resolution of the Communist International on cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the Communist Party members joining the Kuomintang in their own name, while maintaining the Communist Party’s organizational and political independence, to establish a united front for the democratic classes, which is the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Lay a political foundation.

January 1924-July 1927 National

National revolution

The National Revolution, also known as the Great Revolution and the First Civil Revolutionary War, was a war waged by the Chinese people against imperialism and the Northern Warlords between January 1924 and July 1927 under the leadership of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. In January 1924, the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and the National Revolution based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party emerged. With the active participation and efforts of the Chinese Communist Party, the storm of the Great Revolution quickly swept the country. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei "cleared the Communists" successively, and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down.

May 1924 Guangzhou

Whampoa Military Academy established

With the help of the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang Army Officer School co-operated by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was founded in May 1924 in Huangpu, Guangzhou (ie Huangpu Military Academy). Sun Yat-sen served as the premier of the military academy, appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the principal and Liao Zhongkai as the party representative. The Communist Party of China has selected many party, league members and revolutionary youths from various places to study in military academies. In November, Zhou Enlai became the director of the political department of the military academy and improved the political work system.

January 1925 Shanghai

The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party

The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai from January 11 to 22, 1925. Vikingsky, the representative of the Communist International, attended the meeting. The congress clearly raised the issue of the leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution and the issue of the worker-peasant alliance, and made relatively complete regulations on the content of the democratic revolution.

May 1925 Shanghai

May 30th Movement

On May 30, 1925, the British imperialists patrolled the students and masses who shot and massacred in Shanghai, causing the May 30 tragedy that shocked the whole country. This incident aroused public outrage from the people across the country. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, demonstrations, strikes, class strikes, and market strikes were held everywhere, forming a large-scale anti-imperialist patriotic movement. A mass foundation was prepared for the Northern Expedition nationwide.

1925-1926 Hong Kong, Guangzhou

Provincial and Hong Kong strike

On June 19, 1925, in order to support the May 30th anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the Shanghai people, a large-scale provincial-Hong Kong strike broke out in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. The strike was led by Communists Deng Zhongxia and Su Zhaozheng. It lasted 1 year and 4 months and was one of the longest strikes in the history of the world labor movement. The provincial and Hong Kong strikes severely hit British imperialism politically and economically, and played a positive role in consolidating the Guangdong Revolutionary Base and preparing for the Northern Expedition.

December 1925

"Analysis of Various Classes in Chinese Society" published

In "Analysis of Various Classes in Chinese Society", Mao Zedong used Marxist class analysis methods to analyze the various classes in Chinese society and distinguished the enemies and friends of the Chinese revolution, thus concentrating the correct propositions within the party at that time and preliminarily proposing about China. The basic ideas of the new-democratic revolution provide theoretical guidance for the party's practice of leading the new-democratic revolution in China. It marked the budding of Mao Zedong Thought.

March 1926 Guangzhou

Zhongshan Ship Incident

Also known as the "320 incident". On March 20, 1926, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized the army to declare martial law and cut off traffic in and out of Guangzhou; arrested Li Zhilong, detained the Zhongshan ship and other ships; surrounded the Provincial and Port Strike Committee and confiscated the firearms of its guards; surrounded the Soviet advisory office in Dongshan, Guangzhou; expelled Huangpu Communist Party members headed by Zhou Enlai in the military academy and in the National Revolutionary Army. The Zhongshan Ship incident was a political incident in which Chiang Kai-shek deliberately attacked and rejected the Chinese Communist Party. It became a turning point in the development of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

July 1926 Guangzhou

The Northern Expedition began

On July 9, 1926, the National Revolutionary Army swore to the northern expedition in Guangzhou. By November, the forces of the warlords Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang were basically eliminated. During the Northern Expedition, the Ye Ting Independence Group, with Communists and Communist Youth League members as the backbone, fought bravely and repeatedly defeated powerful enemies. With the successful march of the Northern Expedition, the labor and peasant movement in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces under the leadership of the Communist Party flourished.

March 1927

"Hunan Peasant Movement Investigation Report" published

On March 5, 1927, Mao Zedong published the "Investigation Report on the Hunan Peasant Movement". This article was written in response to the condemnation of the peasant revolutionary struggle inside and outside the party at that time. The "Investigation Report on the Hunan Peasant Movement" is a programmatic document of the proletariat and its political party leading the peasant revolutionary struggle. These specific practices, problem selection and action advocacy on rural investigations laid the foundation for the investigation of the peasant movement at a critical juncture in history. It further pointed out the direction for the revolution and promoted the continuous development of the great rural revolutionary movement.

April 1927 Shanghai

"April 12" counter-revolutionary coup

On April 12, 1927, the Kuomintang New Right led by Chiang Kai-shek launched an armed coup in Shanghai against the Kuomintang Leftists and the Communist Party, massacring Communists, Kuomintang Leftists, and revolutionary masses, proclaiming that the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party failed, leading to the national The revolution was forced to die midway and became the beginning of a decade of civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

April-May 1927 Wuhan

The 5th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Wuhan from April 27 to May 9. The conference passed documents such as the "Political Situation and the Party's Tasks and Resolutions" and elected the Party's Central Committee. Although the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China criticized Chen Duxiu's mistakes, it failed to provide practical answers to the major urgent issues of how the proletariat can gain leadership, especially how to build the party's revolutionary armed forces.

May 1927 Changsha

Ma Ri Incident

On the evening of May 21, 1927, the Kuomintang reactionary officer Xu Kexiang led the rebels to destroy the Hunan Federation of Trade Unions, the Peasant Training Institute and other CCP-controlled revolutionary organizations and groups, and lifted the workers’ pickets and peasants’ self-defense on the evening of May 21, 1927. Armed by the army, release all the local tyrants and evil gentry in custody. More than a hundred members of the Communist Party, leftists of the Chinese Kuomintang and workers and peasants were killed. After the incident, Xu Kexiang and the right wing of the Chinese Kuomintang continued to frantically slaughter the communists and the revolutionary masses. Because the telegram on the 21st represented the word "horse", they called this incident the "horse day incident." The Ma-ri Incident was the turning point of the great revolution in Hunan from the high tide to the low tide.

July 1927 Wuhan

"July 15" counter-revolutionary coup

After the April 12 coup, the Wuhan Nationalist Government headed by Wang Jingwei became increasingly reactionary. On July 15, the Central Executive Committee of the Wuhan Kuomintang formally decided to "divide the Communist Party" and massacre communists and revolutionary masses. The counter-revolutionary coup of the Wang Jingwei Group indicated that the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally broke down. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies were completely abandoned by the Kuomintang. The coup showed that the Nanjing National Government and the Wuhan National Government had no differences on the issue of anti-communism.

1927-1937 National

Agrarian Revolutionary War

That is the second civil revolutionary war. It was a revolutionary war waged by the Communist Party of China led by the Red Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants and the Chinese people to oppose the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek Group, abolish the feudal land system, and establish the power of the workers and peasants. The period of the Second Civil Revolutionary War was an important stage for the Communist Party of China to lead the new democratic revolution. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, gradually shifted the focus of the party’s work from cities to rural areas, established base areas in rural areas, carried out an agrarian revolution, established revolutionary armed forces and workers’ and peasants’ regimes, and created a rural siege of cities , The new path of the Chinese revolution for the armed seizure of power.

August 1927 Nanchang

Nanchang Uprising

From April to July 1927, the Chiang Kai-shek Group and Wang Jingwei Group launched a counter-revolutionary coup across the country, brutally massacring communists and revolutionary masses. In order to resist the KMT reactionaries’ slaughter policy, on August 1, 1927, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng launched an armed uprising in Nanchang, Jiangxi. They fired the first shot of armed opposition to the Kuomintang reactionaries, marking the independence of the Chinese Communist Party. Leading the beginning of the revolutionary war and the creation of the revolutionary army.

August 1927 Hankou

August 7th Meeting

On August 7, 1927, the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Hankou to correct Chen Duxiu's right-leaning surrenderism error, remove Chen Duxiu from the position of secretary of the CPC Central Bureau, and elect Qu Qiubai, Li Weihan, and Su Zhaozheng to form the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee. At this meeting, Mao Zedong put forward the famous thesis that "we must know that political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun." The August 7th Conference determined the general policy of implementing the agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang’s reactionary rule, which was a historic transition from the failure of the Great Revolution to the rise of the Agrarian Revolutionary War.

September 1927: The boundary between Hunan and Jiangxi

Autumn Harvest Uprising

On September 9, 1927, Mao Zedong and Lu Deming led the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army in an armed uprising on the borders of eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi. This was another famous armed uprising led by the Communist Party of China following the Nanchang Uprising. In the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong made the timely decision to shift from attacking the big cities to marching into the countryside, and initially formed the strategic thinking of encircling the cities from the countryside, which laid the foundation for the large-scale development of the red army of workers and peasants and the revolutionary base areas in the countryside.

September-October 1927, Jiangxi

Three Bay Adaptation

On September 29, 1927, Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising troops on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi to Jiangxi, carried out the great historical significance of the "Three Bays Reorganization", creatively established the "branch in the company", "equity of officers and soldiers" etc. A whole new set of military strategy. This was the beginning of the political work of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army. It established the party’s absolute leadership over the army and laid a solid foundation for the organizational, political, and ideological construction of a brand-new people’s army.

October 1927 Jiangxi

Establish Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base

In October 1927, Mao Zedong led the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army of the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the borders of Hunan and Jiangxi to the Jinggangshan area in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, launched guerrilla warfare, carried out the agrarian revolution, restored and established the Communist Party’s organization, and established the Red Army’s first rural revolutionary base area. -Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.

December 1927 Guangzhou

Guangzhou Uprising

On December 11, 1927, Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting, and Ye Jianying led workers, peasants, and revolutionary soldiers in Guangzhou to hold an armed uprising against the Kuomintang reactionaries. After three days of bloody fighting, they finally failed due to the disparity between the enemy and ourselves. This was another heroic counterattack by the Communist Party of China against the Kuomintang reactionaries after the Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising. It was a bold attempt to establish Soviet power in the city, which caused a great shock both at home and abroad.

April 1928 Jiangxi

Jinggangshan Meeting Master

On April 28, 1928, the autumn harvest uprising unit led by Mao Zedong, and some units of the Xiangnan Uprising and Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi joined forces in Jinggangshan victory, which is an important historical event in the history of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. After the Jinggangshan meeting, according to the decision of the Southern Hunan Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, the two armies were combined into the Fourth Army of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army, which strengthened the revolutionary armed forces in Jinggangshan. It has far-reaching significance in consolidating and expanding the country’s first rural revolutionary base and promoting the development of the country’s revolutionary cause. significance.

June-July 1928 Moscow

Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

With the help of the Communist International, the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow from June 18 to July 11, 1928. The meeting was chaired by Qu Qiubai. The congress adopted resolutions on issues such as politics, military affairs, organization, Soviet power, farmers, land, workers, propaganda, ethnic groups, women, youth leagues, and the revised "Party Constitution of the Communist Party of China."

December 1929 Fujian

Gutian Conference

On December 28-29, 1929, the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army held the Ninth Party Congress in Gutian Village, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, the Gutian Conference. The meeting conscientiously summarized the rich experience accumulated by the party in the struggle against various wrong thoughts and wrong tendencies since the founding of the Red Army, unified ideological understanding, and unanimously passed a variety of resolutions. These resolutions systematically resolved the building of the party. A series of fundamental problems of the military. The meeting elected a new former enemy committee of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China, and Mao Zedong was elected as the secretary.

September 1931 Ruijin

The First National Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers of the Chinese Soviet

On November 7, 1931, the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi. The meeting announced the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, elected Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other 46 members of the Central Executive Committee, and Mao Zedong as the chairman. The meeting discussed and passed the Constitution Outline of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Land Law, Labor Law, Soviet Organization Law, Economic Policy Decisions, Red Army Resolutions, Interim Central Government Declaration of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Anti-Japanese Declaration, Resolutions on Minority Issues, Red Army Preferential Treatment Regulations, marriage regulations and other laws, decrees, regulations, and documents.

1930-1933 Jiangxi, Fujian

Won four victories against "encirclement and suppression" wars

Under the guidance of the correct strategic policy put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong, the Red Army won major victories in the first four anti-encirclement wars.

1933-1934 Jiangxi, Fujian

The fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" war failed

From September 25 to October 1933, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized about 1 million troops to carry out a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Revolutionary Base. At this time, Wang Ming's "Left" opportunism occupied a dominant position in the Red Army. He refused to accept Mao Zedong's correct suggestion and replaced the People's War with so-called "regular" wars, leaving the Red Army completely in a passive position. After a year of hard work, no victory in the fight against "encirclement and suppression" was finally won. Finally, in October 1934, he hurriedly ordered the central leadership and the main Red Army to withdraw from the base area.

1934-1936 Passed through 14 provinces including Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Shaanxi

Long March

In October 1934, after the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army, the main force of the central government, was forced to implement a strategic shift to get rid of the encirclement and pursuit of the Kuomintang army, withdraw from the central base area, and proceed with the Long March. The First Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935 and successfully joined forces with the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. In October 1936, the Second and Fourth Front Army of the Red Army arrived in Huining, Gansu, and joined forces with the First Army of the Red Army. The three main forces of the Red Army joined forces, marking the victory of the Long March. The victory of the Long March shows that the Communist Party of China and the Red Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants are an invincible force.

1934 Guangxi

Battle of Xiangjiang

From November 27 to December 1, 1934, the Central Red Army fought hard for five days and nights with the Kuomintang troops in Xing'an, Quanzhou, and Guanyang counties in Guangxi in the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River, and finally crossed the Xiangjiang River from Quanzhou and Xing'an. The Kuomintang Army’s fourth blockade was smashed, and Chiang Kai-shek’s attempt to encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army east of the Xiangjiang River was smashed. However, the Central Red Army also paid an extremely heavy price for this. The number of commanders and personnel in the central government agencies dropped sharply from more than 80,000 at the time of the Long March to more than 30,000. The Battle of Xiangjiang River was the most heroic and crucial battle since the Central Red Army broke through, and it was also a battle that had a bearing on the survival of the Central Red Army.

January 1935 Zunyi

Zunyi Conference

From January 15 to 17, 1935, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an extremely important enlarged meeting in Zunyi, Guizhou, to independently solve the problems of the Chinese revolution. It was to correct the mistakes made by the “Left” leaders of Bogu, Wang Ming, Li De and others in military command under the circumstances of the Red Army’s failure in its fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign and serious setbacks at the beginning of the Long March, and to save the Red Army and the crisis of the Chinese Revolution. And convened. The meeting concentrated on solving the decisive military and organizational issues at the time, established Mao Zedong’s leadership in the party and the Red Army, saved the party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. In the history of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army, It was a turning point of life and death.

Sichuan-Guizhou border in January 1935

Sidu Chishui

The Sidu Chishui Campaign was a decisive campaign conducted by the Central Red Army during the Long March after the Zunyi Conference, under the difficult conditions of the Kuomintang's hundreds of thousands of heavy soldiers to besieged, chased and blocked. Under the command of Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai, General Wang Jiaxiang, and General Zhu De, the Central Red Army adopted a highly mobile policy of mobile warfare, galloping across the vast areas of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, actively looking for fighters, effectively mobilizing and annihilating the enemy, and completely crushed The reactionaries such as Chiang Kai-shek attempted to encircle and wipe out the arrogant plan of the Red Army at the border of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and the Red Army achieved a decisive victory in the strategic shift.

May 1935 Upper Yangtze River

Qiao crossing the Jinsha River

On April 28, 1935, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to control the Jinsha River ferry and destroy the ship to seal the river. The Jinsha River is located on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, passing through the deep mountain valleys on the Sichuan-Yunnan border. If the Red Army cannot cross it, it will be pressed into the deep mountain valleys by the Kuomintang army, and the entire army will be destroyed. From May 3rd to 9th, 1935, the Red Army evaded the enemy's front. With only 7 ferry boats, all Red Army troops of more than 20,000 men crossed the Jinsha River in 7 days and 7 nights.

May 1935 Sichuan

Forced crossing the Dadu River

In May 1935, the Central Red Army arrived in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, preparing to cross the Dadu River. The Kuomintang army also deployed heavy troops here in an attempt to wipe out the Red Army in the area south of the Dadu River. In the early morning of May 25th, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen came to the front line to command. Sun Jixian led the "Eighteen Warriors" to cross the Dadu River and successfully broke through the enemy's defense line and opened a channel for the Red Army to go north. However, there were only a few small boats on the river at that time, and it was impossible to transport all the Red Army across the river in a short time. Facing the Kuomintang army's siege and interception, the Red Army decided to open a second channel, which is the Luding Bridge 240 miles away.

Sichuan-Guizhou border in January 1935

Sidu Chishui

The Sidu Chishui Campaign was a decisive campaign conducted by the Central Red Army during the Long March after the Zunyi Conference, under the difficult conditions of the Kuomintang's hundreds of thousands of heavy soldiers to besieged, chased and blocked. Under the command of Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai, General Wang Jiaxiang, and General Zhu De, the Central Red Army adopted a highly mobile policy of mobile warfare, galloping across the vast areas of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, actively looking for fighters, effectively mobilizing and annihilating the enemy, and completely crushed The reactionaries such as Chiang Kai-shek attempted to encircle and wipe out the arrogant plan of the Red Army at the border of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and the Red Army achieved a decisive victory in the strategic shift.

May 1935 Upper Yangtze River

Qiao crossing the Jinsha River

On April 28, 1935, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to control the Jinsha River ferry and destroy the ship to seal the river. The Jinsha River is located on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, passing through the deep mountain valleys on the Sichuan-Yunnan border. If the Red Army cannot cross it, it will be pressed into the deep mountain valleys by the Kuomintang army, and the entire army will be destroyed. From May 3rd to 9th, 1935, the Red Army evaded the enemy's front. With only 7 ferry boats, all Red Army troops of more than 20,000 men crossed the Jinsha River in 7 days and 7 nights.

May 1935 Sichuan

Forced crossing the Dadu River

In May 1935, the Central Red Army arrived in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, preparing to cross the Dadu River. The Kuomintang army also deployed heavy troops here in an attempt to wipe out the Red Army in the area south of the Dadu River. In the early morning of May 25th, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen came to the front line to command. Sun Jixian led the "Eighteen Warriors" to cross the Dadu River and successfully broke through the enemy's defense line and opened a channel for the Red Army to go north. However, there were only a few small boats on the river at that time, and it was impossible to transport all the Red Army across the river in a short time. Facing the siege of the Kuomintang army in May 1935, Sichuan

Flying over Luding Bridge

On May 29, 1935, the Central Red Army successfully crossed the Dadu River in the central and western part of Sichuan Province. Under the command of Wang Kaixiang and Yang Chengwu, 22 warriors of the Red Fourth Regiment braved the rain of bullets and marched forward bravely and finally succeeded in capturing the Luding Bridge. Of the 22 warriors, 4 died and 18 survived.

December 1935, Peking

One Twenty Nine Movement

The 129th Movement is also known as the 129th Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. On December 9, 1935, thousands of university and middle school students in Peking held a demonstration to resist Japan and save the country, opposing North China’s autonomy, resisting Japanese imperialism, demanding the preservation of the integrity of China’s territory, and setting off a new upsurge of national anti-Japanese national salvation. This is a large-scale student patriotic movement led by the Communist Party of China. It publicly exposed the Japanese imperialists’ conspiracy to invade China and annex North China. It defeated the Kuomintang government’s policy of compromise and surrender. It greatly promoted the awakening of the Chinese people and marked the Chinese people’s resistance to Japan. The arrival of a new upsurge in the democratic movement.

December 1935 Northern Shaanxi

Wayaobao Conference

On December 17, 1935, the CPC Central Committee held an important Politburo enlarged meeting in Wayaobao, Zichang County, northern Shaanxi. More than ten people including Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai, and Liu Shaoqi attended the meeting. The meeting analyzed the new changes in domestic class relations after the North China Incident, discussed the anti-Japanese national united front, the national defense government, and the anti-Japanese coalition forces, criticized the long-standing "Left" closed-doorism in the party, and formulated the anti-Japanese national united front. Strategic policy. After that, the Red Army decided to open a second channel, which is the Luding Bridge 240 miles from here.

December 1936, Xi'an

Xi'an Incident

On December 12, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, in order to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to change the established national policy of “to stop the civil war, and to unite the anti-Japanese”, they launched "soldier admonitions" in Xi'an to force Jiang to resist the Japanese. On the 25th of the same month, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Zhou Enlai, Chiang Kai-shek accepted the proposal of "stop the civil war and unite the Communist Party to resist Japan" and settled peacefully. The peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident prepared the necessary prerequisites for the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front, and became a turning point from the civil war to the anti-Japanese national war.

August 1937 Yan'an

Luochuan Conference

From August 22 to 25, 1937, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Fengjia Village, Luochuan County, northern Shaanxi, the Luochuan Conference. The meeting decided to focus the party's work on the theater and behind the enemy lines, mobilize the masses behind the enemy lines, launch independent guerrilla warfare, open up the battlefield behind the enemy lines, and establish anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy lines. The Luochuan Conference was an important meeting convened by the Chinese Communist Party at a turning point in history. It clarified the main tasks of the Chinese Communist Party during the War of Resistance Against Japan.

September 1937 Shanxi

Pingxingguan Great Victory

On September 25, 1937, the Eighth Route Army was at Pingxingguan in order to cooperate with friendly operations in the second theater and block the Japanese offensive. It was commanded by the 115th Division Commander Lin Biao and Deputy Commander Nie Rongzhen, giving full play to its expertise in close combat and mountain warfare, and for the first time concentrated a relatively large force on the battlefield. In a successful ambush conducted by the Japanese army, the Eighth Route Army won the first battle at Pingxingguan. This battle effectively cooperated with the defensive operations on the front battlefield of the second theater under the charge of Yan Xishan, delayed the strategic offensive of the Japanese army, and was the first major victory of the Eighth Route Army since its division.

1937-1946

The second KMT-CPC cooperation

That is, the anti-Japanese national united front. In mid-August 1937, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree to reorganize the Central Red Army in northern Shaanxi into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. On September 22, the Kuomintang Central News Agency issued the "CPC Central Committee's Declaration on Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party". On the 23rd, Chiang Kai-shek issued a statement that recognized the legal status of the Communist Party. In this way, the anti-Japanese national united front with the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as the main body was formally established. In October, the Red Army guerrillas in the thirteen areas in the south were reorganized into the National Revolutionary Army's new fourth army. So far, the anti-Japanese national united front was formally formed, and the second KMT-CPC cooperation began. A full-scale civil war broke out in June 1946, and the second KMT-CPC cooperation broke down.

May-June 1938 Yan'an

Publication of "On Protracted War"

"On the Protracted War" is a speech delivered by the proletarian revolutionary Mao Zedong at the Yan'an Anti-Japanese War Research Association from May 26 to June 3, 1938. It was first published in July 1938. On the basis of summing up the experience of the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Mao Zedong strongly refuted the "China's doom theory" and "China's quick victory theory" of some members of the Chinese Kuomintang, as well as the tendency of some members of the Chinese Communist Party to despise guerrilla warfare. This work has ideologically armed the whole party, the whole army and the people, strengthened the confidence of the Chinese people in winning the war of resistance, and is the theoretical program guiding the national war of resistance.

January 1940 Yan'an

"New Democracy" published

The Theory of New Democracy is Mao Zedong’s speech at the first congress of the Cultural Association of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region on January 9, 1940. The original title was "New-Democratic Politics and New-Democratic Culture", published in 1940 The first issue of "Chinese Culture" published in Yan'an on February 15. "On New Democracy" is a great result of combining the universal truths of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution. For the first time, it clearly put forward the complete theory of new democracy, marking the maturity of Mao Zedong's thought.

August 1940-January 1941 North China

Hundred Regiments

The Hundred Regiment Campaign was a large-scale offensive and anti-"mopping up" campaign launched by the Eighth Route Army behind the enemy lines in North China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. It was called the "Hundred Regiment Campaign" because of the 105 regiments participating in the war. The Hundred Regiments Battle was the largest and longest-lasting battle launched by the Eighth Route Army in North China during the stalemate of the Anti-Japanese War. The nation's confidence in the War of Resistance.

January 1941 Anhui

Southern Anhui Incident

On January 4, 1941, more than 9,000 troops directly under the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui moved north under the leadership of Ye Ting and Xiang Ying. On January 6, when the troops arrived in the Maolin area of ​​Jing County, southern Anhui, they were suddenly attacked by about 80,000 people from the 7 divisions of the Kuomintang. The New Fourth Army fought bravely and fought fiercely for 7 days and nights. In the end, due to the disparity between the few and the lack of ammunition and food, most of them died or were captured except for a few breakthroughs. This was the Southern Anhui Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, and was the peak of the Kuomintang’s second anti-communist upsurge.

1941-1945 Yan'an

Yan'an Rectification Movement

The Yan'an Rectification Movement was the first large-scale rectification movement in the history of the Chinese Communist Party. In May 1941, Comrade Mao Zedong gave a report on "Reforming Our Study" at the Yan'an Senior Cadre Meeting, which marked the beginning of the rectification movement until the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" was passed at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee on April 20, 1945. . The Yan'an Rectification Movement enabled the whole party to establish a dialectical materialist ideological line that seeks truth from facts, greatly improved the cadres' ideology, and brought the party to unprecedented unity.

April 1945 Yan'an

Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an from April 23 to June 11, 1945. The congress adopted a new party constitution and determined that Mao Zedong Thought, which is the unity of Marxism-Leninism and the practice of the Chinese revolution, should be the guideline for all party work. The Seventh National Congress summed up the historical experience of the tortuous development of China’s new democratic revolution for more than 20 years, formulated the correct line, program, and strategy, and overcame the party’s erroneous thinking, so that the whole party could achieve the goal on the basis of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. An unprecedented unity.

September 1945 Nationwide

Victory in the Anti-Japanese War

The War of Resistance Against Japan was a national all-out war against Japanese aggression in the Second World War in the middle of the 20th century. The time of the War of Resistance against Japan began on September 18, 1931 and ended on August 15, 1945, a total of 14 years. The Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the greatest Patriotic War in the history of the Chinese nation. It is a just war of the Chinese people against Japanese imperialist aggression. It is an important part of the world’s anti-fascist war. Completely victorious national liberation war. The Chinese Communist Party played a mainstay role in the War of Resistance Against Japan.

August-October 1945, Chongqing

Chongqing negotiations

After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1945, in order to avoid civil war and fight for peace, from August 29th to October 10th, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party conducted a 43-day peace negotiation in Chongqing, which is known as the Chongqing negotiation in history. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached the "Minutes of the Talks between the Government and the Chinese Communist Party Representatives", that is, the "Double Ten Agreement." The holding of the Chongqing negotiations and the signing of the "Double Ten Agreement" enabled the Chinese Communist Party to understand the political propositions of the peaceful construction of a new China by the people of the whole country, thus promoting the development of the national peaceful and democratic movement.

1946-1950 National

War of liberation

Also known as the Third Civil Revolutionary War, it was a war waged by the Chinese People's Liberation Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China from June 1946 to June 1950 to overthrow the rule of the Kuomintang and liberate the whole of China. The war destroyed the Kuomintang’s reactionary regimes at all levels and fundamentally overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism in China. It was a decisive battle concerning China’s future and destiny.

May 1947 Shandong

Battle of Menglianggu

The Battle of Menglianggu was during the War of Liberation. The East China Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was instructed by Mao Zedong from May 13th to 16th, 1947, under the command of Chen Yi and Su Yu, to reorganize the 74th Division of the National Revolutionary Army in the Menglianggu area, southeast of Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province. Offensive operations carried out. The Battle of Menglianggu was a mountain movement annihilation battle. The battle completely wiped out the 74th Division of the Kuomintang’s “Top Five Main Forces” and reversed the situation in East China in one fell swoop. It was an important turning point for the War of Liberation from a strategic defense to a strategic offensive.

December 1947 Northern Shaanxi

"Ten Military Principles" put forward

The Ten Military Principles are the military principles of the Chinese People's Liberation Army put forward by Mao Zedong in the "Current Situation and Our Tasks" report at a meeting held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 25, 1947. The full text of the Ten Military Principles is 593 words. Mao Zedong used brilliant language to explain the PLA's strategic and tactical principles very clearly. The People's Liberation Army used ten military principles flexibly and further enriched and developed this theoretical gem, thoroughly defeating the 8 million Kuomintang troops. The ten military principles signify that the people's army's strategic and tactical theory is improving day by day, and that Mao Zedong's military thought has reached an unprecedented height.

September 1948-January 1949

Northeast, North China, East China

Three Great Battles

The three major battles refer to the strategic decisive battle between the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Kuomintang army from September 12, 1948 to January 31, 1949, including the Liaoshen Campaign, the Huaihai Campaign, and the Pingjin Campaign. The victory of the three major battles basically eliminated the main military force on which the Kuomintang relied to maintain its reactionary rule, and laid the foundation for the victory of the People's Liberation War in the country.

March 1949 Hebei

The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee

Also known as the Xibaipo Conference, it was held in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province from March 5 to 13, 1949. The presidium composed of Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Ren Bishi presided over the meeting. The meeting determined various policies to promote the rapid victory of the revolution across the country, decided to shift the focus of the party's work from the countryside to the cities, and emphasized the need to strengthen the party's ideological construction. The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee made political and ideological preparations for the party to win national victory and build a new China.

April-June 1949, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Battle of Crossing the River

The Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River is another large-scale campaign carried out by the Chinese People's Liberation Army on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River against the Kuomintang army following the three major battles. This campaign annihilated more than 430,000 Kuomintang troops, liberated most of the south of the Yangtze River, and liberated Nanjing on April 23, announcing the end of the Kuomintang’s reactionary rule. The victory in the battle of crossing the Yangtze River created important conditions for the liberation of the entire territory of East China and the march to South China and Southwest China.

September 1949, Peking

The First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

In September 1949, the first Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference was grandly held in Beiping. It was initiated and led by the Communist Party of China. It was attended by representatives of democratic parties, non-party democrats, and people’s organizations. The People’s Republic of China was established through consultations. Meetings on related matters. The meeting elected the Committee of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and elected Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Central People's Government. The meeting passed the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference", which laid down general principles for the new China's political organs, military system, economic policy, cultural and educational policy, ethnic policy, and foreign policy. The meeting performed the functions and powers of the National People's Congress, proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China, and played an important historical role.

October 1949 Beijing

Founding Ceremony

On October 1, 1949, the inauguration ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was held at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It was called the founding ceremony and was a symbol of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The founding of the People's Republic of China ushered in a new era in Chinese history. Since then, China has ended the humiliating history of being invaded and enslaved for more than 100 years and has truly become an independent country.